![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.cosmundus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Discovery_elements_1.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nThe periodic table of the elements (Sandbh, Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Swiss alchemist Paracelsus was the first to observe hydrogen around 1520, while Anglo-Irish chemist Robert Boyle produced the gas during his experiments in 1671. However, the element was only recognized as a separate element by English scientist Henry Cavendish in 1766. Its name, originally coined as hydrog\u00e8ne<\/em> in French, means “water-former”, and comes from the Greek h\u00fad\u014dr<\/em><\/em> (\u1f55\u03b4\u03c9\u03c1) (“water”) and -gen\u1e17s<\/em><\/em> (-\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2) (“producer”).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Helium was found in 1868 from the analysis of the solar spectrum, when French astronomer Pierre Janssen observed a yellow line that he initially assumed to be that of sodium. Later that same year, English astronomer Norman Lockyer observed the same line and concluded that it was caused by an unknown element, that he named after the Ancient Greek word for the Sun, h\u1e17lios<\/em> (\u1f25\u03bb\u1fd0\u03bf\u03c2). Helium was detected on Earth for the first time by Italian physicist Luigi Palmieri on Mount Vesuvius in 1881.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lithium was discovered in 1817 by Swedish chemist Johan August Arfwedson from the analysis of a mineral found in Sweden in 1800. The name comes from the Ancient Greek l\u00edthos<\/em> (\u03bb\u1fd0\u0301\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2), meaning “stone”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Beryllium was discovered in 1798 by French chemist Louis Nicolas Vauquelin by analyzing a mineral known since ancient times called beryl. The element was independently isolated by Friedrich W\u00f6hler and Antoine Bussy in 1828. Beryllium is named after beryl, while this word derives from the Ancient Greek b\u1e17rullos<\/em> (\u03b2\u03ae\u03c1\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2), which in turn might descend from Belur, a town in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Borax, a compound of boron, was discovered in China around the year 300, but the element was only hypothesized in the 18th century. Boron was isolated by English chemist Humphry Davy, and French chemists Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Th\u00e9nard in 1808. Davy named it after borax, initially calling it boracium<\/em>, and then changing it to boron. The word borax comes from the Arabic word for the mineral, bawraq<\/em> (\u0628\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0642).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Carbon in the form of charcoal was used by prehistoric humans, while diamonds and graphite are known since ancient times. However, charcoal and diamonds were recognized as being forms of the same element only in 1772 by Lavoisier. In 1779, Swedish pharmacist Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite was also a form of the same element. Lavoisier listed carbon as an element in his 1789 textbook, naming it after the Latin word for coal and charcoal, carb\u014d<\/em>, which derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *kerh\u2083-<\/em><\/em>, meaning “to burn”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nitrogen was discovered by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. The element was studied by other chemists soon afterwards, and was named azote<\/em> by Lavoisier, meaning “without life”, from the Greek a-<\/em> (“without”) and z\u014d\u1e17<\/em> (“life”). Lavoisier described the element as the part of air that cannot sustain life, but since other gases can also be toxic, the name was not universally accepted. The word nitrogen was coined as nitrog\u00e8ne<\/em> by French chemist Jean-Antoine Chaptal, from nitre<\/em>, meaning saltpetre (potassium nitrate), and the Greek -gen\u1e17s<\/em><\/em> (-\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2), meaning “producer”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Polish alchemist Michael Sendivogius was the first to identify oxygen between 1598 and 1604, but the element was isolated for the first time by Scheele in 1771, who only published his findings in 1777. Meanwhile, British chemist Joseph Priestley liberated oxygen in 1774, and Lavoisier also claimed to have discovered the element independently. Its name, originally coined as oxyg\u00e8ne<\/em> in French, means “acid-former” and comes from the Greek ox\u00fas<\/em><\/em> (\u1f40\u03be\u1fe0\u0301\u03c2) (“acid” or “sharp”) and -gen\u1e17s<\/em><\/em> (-\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2) (“producer”).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Compounds containing fluorine were first described in the 16th century, while the element was isolated by French chemist Henri Moissan in 1886, after its existence was hypothesized decades earlier. Moissan won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine. The name was coined by Davy in 1813 from the Latin word fluor<\/em>, meaning “flow”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n British chemists William Ramsey and Morris Travers discovered neon while working with liquid air in 1898, soon after discovering krypton. For this discovery and other works on noble gases, Ramsey received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The name derives from the Ancient Greek n\u00e9on<\/em> (\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd), neuter of n\u00e9os<\/em> (\u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c2), meaning “new”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Compounds that include sodium, such as table salt, have been known for thousands of years. However, sodium has only been isolated for the first time in 1807 by Davy. The word sodium derives from the Italian soda<\/em>, a name used for sodium carbonate, in turn derived from the Arabic suwayd\u0101\u0294<\/em> (\u0633\u064f\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621), the name of the Suaeda<\/em> genus of plants, once processed as a source for sodium carbonate. The symbol Na comes from Neo-Latin natrium<\/em>, coined in 1814 from the German Natron<\/em>, a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, ultimately from its Egyptian name n\u1e6frj<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Magnesium was first isolated by Davy in 1808 from a mineral called magnesia (magnesium oxide). The name comes from Magnesia, a region of Thessaly, in Greece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alum, a compound containing aluminium, has been known since ancient times, but its nature remained unknown until 1824, when the element was isolated for the first time by Danish physicist Hans Christian \u00d8rsted, after its existence was hypothesized since the 16th century. The name derives from alum and its Latin name al\u016bmen<\/em>, which descends from Proto-Indo-European roots meaning \u201cbitter salt\u201d. In North American English, the name is commonly spelled as “aluminum”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Silicon-based materials have been used since ancient times, but only in the 18th century the existence of the element was hypothesized. It was isolated for the first time by Swedish chemist J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius in 1823. The name was coined from the Latin word silex<\/em>, meaning “flint”, a mineral made of silicon dioxide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Phosphorus was discovered and isolated for the first time by German alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669 while experimenting with urine. He was trying to create a philosopher’s stone, but he instead produced a material that glowed in the dark. The name comes from the Ancient Greek ph\u014dsph\u00f3ros<\/em> (\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2), meaning “bearer of light”, from ph\u00f4s<\/em> (\u03c6\u1ff6\u03c2) (“light”) and -ph\u00f3ros<\/em> (-\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2) (“bearing”)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sulfur was first used more than 4000 years ago in Ancient Egypt, and has been widely utilized ever since. Its English name is the same as the Latin one, which has an unclear origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chlorine has been known in compounds such as table salt since ancient times, but was discovered as an element much later. Scheele was the first to isolate chlorine in 1774, but it was Davy that recognized it as an element and not a compound in 1810. Davy also coined the name, from the Ancient Greek khl\u014dr\u00f3s<\/em> (\u03c7\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2), meaning “pale green”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Argon was isolated from air in 1894 by British scientists Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay. In 1904, they received the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry respectively for their discovery. The name of the element comes from the Ancient Greek arg\u00f3n<\/em> (\u1fb0\u0313\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd), the neuter form of \u0101rg\u00f3s<\/em> (\u1fb1\u0313\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2), meaning “idle” or “lazy”, because of its inertness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Similarly to sodium, potassium was only known in compounds until it was isolated for the first time by Davy in 1807. The word potassium comes from potash, a compound produced by burning wood to ash in a pot. This name was adapted from the Dutch potasch<\/em>. The symbol K comes from the Neo-Latin and German Kalium<\/em>, coined from the English word kali<\/em>, an old term for alkali derived from the Arabic al-qaly<\/em> (\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0652\u064a\u200e), related to qal\u0101<\/em> (\u0642\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649), meaning “to fry”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n While calcium compounds have been known for millennia, the element was only isolated in 1808 by Davy. The name was coined by Davy from the Latin calx<\/em>, meaning “lime”, since it was isolated from this material. This Latin term derives from the Ancient Greek kh\u00e1lix<\/em> (\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03be), meaning “pebble”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Initially predicted by Mendeleev, scandium was discovered by Swedish chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson in 1879 by examining some minerals. The element was named after Scandia<\/em>, the Latin name for Scandinavia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Titanium was discovered by English mineralogist William Gregor in 1791, who identified a new metal while analyzing a mineral in Cornwall, Great Britain. German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth independently found the new element in 1795, and named it after the Titans of Greek mythology. Titanium was isolated for the first time by Berzelius in 1825.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vanadium was discovered by Spanish scientist Andr\u00e9s Manuel del R\u00edo in Mexico in 1801 while analyzing some local minerals. It was isolated for the first time in 1867 by British chemist Henry Roscoe. The element was named after Vanadis, one of the names of the Norse goddess Freyja, because of the many beautiful chemical compounds containing vanadium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chromium was discovered by Vauquelin in 1797 by examining minerals from the Ural Mountains, in Russia. The name of the element comes from the Ancient Greek khr\u00f4ma<\/em> (\u03c7\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bc\u1fb0), meaning “color”, due to its colorful compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Manganese compounds were used in glassmaking since ancient times, but the element was only isolated in 1774 by Swedish chemist Johan Gottlieb Gahn. Similarly to magnesium, its name comes from the Greek region of Magnesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n One of the oldest known elements, the diffusion of iron production led to the start of the Iron Age at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The name comes from the Proto-Celtic *\u012bsarnom<\/em>, deriving from the Proto-Indo-European *h\u2081\u00e9sh\u2082r\u0325<\/em>, meaning “blood”. The symbol Fe comes from the Latin name for the element, ferrum<\/em>, which has an unclear origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cobalt compounds have been used since ancient times to give a blue color to glass and porcelain, but the element was only discovered and recognized as separate by Swedish chemist Georg Brandt around 1735. Its name comes from the German Kobalt<\/em>, derived from Kobold<\/em>, meaning “goblin”, a term used by miners to call minerals containing cobalt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nickel was unintentionally used since ancient times, but it was only recognized as an element in 1751, when Swedish mineralogist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt was trying to extract copper at a cobalt mine in Sweden. For centuries, German miners who were looking for copper and instead found a mineral now called nickeline, blamed a mischievous sprite called Nickel, and so the element was named after it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Copper was mined and crafted by some of the oldest known civilizations, with the earliest use dating around 9000 BCE in the Middle East. It was one of the most important and widely used materials in ancient times, when it was often alloyed with tin to create bronze. The name and the symbol derive from the Latin word for the element, cuprum<\/em>, which in turn comes from K\u00fapros<\/em><\/em> (\u039a\u1fe0\u0301\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2), the Ancient Greek name for the island of Cyprus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zinc was first used in India around 1000 BCE, but it was only recognized as a distinct metal in the 14th century, also in India. Its name likely comes from the German Zink<\/em>, derived from the Proto-Germanic *tindaz<\/em> and the Proto-Indo-European *h\u2083d\u00f3nts<\/em>, meaning “tooth”. This might be due to the fact that metallic zinc crystals look similar to teeth, but the origin of the word is still debated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Predicted by Mendeleev, Gallium was discovered in 1875 by French chemist Paul-\u00c9mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, using spectroscopy. He named the element after Gallia<\/em>, the Latin name for Gaul, a historical region that includes modern-day France. It was also suggested that he might have named the element after himself, since “le coq” means “rooster” in French, which is gallus<\/em> in Latin, but he denied this claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Germanium was one of the elements predicted by Mendeleev, and was discovered by German chemist Clemens Winkler in 1886, while examining a mineral extracted the previous year. Winkler initially wanted to name the element neptunium<\/em>, since it was predicted before being discovered, just like the planet Neptune, but since this name was taken by another proposed element (which was not the element now known as neptunium), he changed it to germanium, from the Latin name of his country, Germania<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Arsenic was first described by Greco-Egyptian alchemist Zosimos of Panopolis around the year 300, who obtained it from a mineral called realgar. The name arsenic comes from the Greek arsenik\u00f3n<\/em> (\u1f00\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u1fd0\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd), derived from the Syriac word zarn\u012b\u1e35\u0101<\/em> (\u0719\u072a\u0722\u071d\u071f\u0710), based on the Persian word zar<\/em> (\u0632\u0631), meaning “gold”, and ultimately descending from the Proto-Indo-European root *\u01f5\u02b0elh\u2083-<\/em>, meaning “yellow”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Berzelius and Gahn discovered selenium in 1817 by examining minerals from a mine in Sweden. They initially believed that it was tellurium before finding out that it was a new element so, since tellurium is named after the Earth, selenium was named after the Moon, from its Ancient Greek name sel\u1e17n\u0113<\/em> (\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bromine was independently discovered by Carl Jacob L\u00f6wig and Antoine J\u00e9r\u00f4me Balard. L\u00f6wig isolated the element from a water spring in Germany in 1825, but published his findings only two years later. Meanwhile, Balard found bromine analyzing seaweed ash from the salt marshes of Montpellier, France, in 1826. The name of the element comes from the Ancient Greek br\u00f4mos<\/em> (\u03b2\u03c1\u1ff6\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2), meaning “stink”, because of the strong smell of its vapors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ramsey and Travers discovered krypton in 1898 while experimenting with liquid air. Ramsey won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his works on noble gases such as krypton. The name of the element derives from the Ancient Greek krupt\u00f3s<\/em> (\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), meaning “hidden”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rubidium was discovered by German scientists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff in 1861 from the analysis of the spectral lines of the mineral lepidolite. They named the element from the Latin word r\u016bbidus<\/em>, meaning “dark red”, because of the red lines in its emission spectrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Strontium was first recognized as an element in the late 18th century in a mineral called strontianite, and was isolated by Davy in 1808. The mineral and the element are named after Strontian, the Scottish village where strontianite was found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In 1787, Swedish military officer and amateur geologist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a mineral near the village of Ytterby, in Sweden, and named it ytterbite. Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin identified a new oxide in ytterbite in 1789, while the element was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich W\u00f6hler. The element was named after the town where it was found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zircon is known since ancient times, but only in 1789 Klaproth discovered that it contained a new element. Berzelius was the first to isolate zirconium in 1824. The name of the element derives from zircon, while this word descends from the Persian zargun<\/em> (\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646), meaning “gold-like”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n English chemist Charles Hatchett identified niobium in 1801 in a mineral from Connecticut, United States, and he initially named the element columbium<\/em>, from Columbia, a poetic name for the United States. The element was initially confused with the closely related tantalum, until German mineralogist Heinrich Rose proved the difference between the two. Rose named niobium after Niobe, the daughter\u00a0of Greek mythological\u00a0figure Tantalus. Niobium was later isolated by Swedish chemist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Molybdenum was isolated by Scheele in 1778 from molybdenite, a mineral previously known as molybdena. This material was often confused with lead, and its name comes from the Ancient Greek word for lead, m\u00f3lubdos<\/em> (\u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2), derived from the Proto-Indo-European root merg\u02b7-<\/em>, meaning “dark”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Predicted by Mendeleev, various scientists claimed the discovery of element 43, but they were all disproven. The new element was finally confirmed in 1937 by Italian scientists Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segr\u00e8, who isolated it from a molybdenum sample that was used in a\u00a0cyclotron. The name panormium<\/em> was initially proposed, from Panormus<\/em>, the Latin name for Palermo, the city where it was discovered, but the element was eventually called technetium, from the Ancient Greek tekhn\u0113t\u00f3s<\/em> (\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2), meaning “artificial”, since it was the first element to be produced artificially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ruthenium was discovered in 1844 by Karl Ernst Claus, a Russian chemist of Baltic German origins born in modern-day Estonia. Claus isolated ruthenium from platinum residues and named it after Ruthenia<\/em>, a historical Latin name for Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rhodium was discovered by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston in 1804 by analyzing minerals from South America. The name of the element derives from the Ancient Greek rh\u00f3don<\/em> (\u1fe5\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd), meaning “rose”, due to the color of its salts’ solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Similarly to rhodium, palladium was found by Wollaston in 1802 in some minerals from South America. He named the element after the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered a few weeks earlier and was considered a planet at the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Silver has been known since prehistory, and was widely used in ancient times. Its English name derives from the Proto-Germanic root silubr\u0105<\/em>, of uncertain origin. The symbol instead comes from the Latin name for the element, argentum<\/em>, which in turn derives from the Proto-Indo-European *h\u2082r\u0325\u01f5n\u0325t\u00f3m<\/em>, and its root *h\u2082er\u01f5-<\/em>, meaning “white” or “glittering”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cadmium was discovered in 1817 by German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer from the analysis of some zinc compounds. The element was named after the zinc compound calamine, called kadme\u00ed\u0101<\/em> (\u03ba\u1fb0\u03b4\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u1fb1) in Ancient Greek, from Cadmus (K\u00e1dmos<\/em> (\u039a\u1fb0\u0301\u03b4\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2) in Ancient Greek), the legendary founder of Thebes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Indium was found in 1863 by German chemists Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter using spectroscopy. Because of its blue spectral emission lines, they named the element after the color indigo, a word derived from the Latin indicus<\/em>, meaning “from India”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tin has been extracted and used since around 3000 BCE, and was alloyed with copper to form bronze, leading to the so-called Bronze Age. The English name comes from the Proto-Germanic word for the metal, *tin\u0105<\/em>, while the symbol derives from its Latin name stannum<\/em>, which descends from the Proto-Celtic *stagnos<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Antimony has been known for thousands of years, as it was already used in Ancient Egypt around 3000 BCE. Its name comes from the medieval Latin word antimonium<\/em><\/em>, which has an uncertain origin. It is possibly derived from the Arabic word for the element, \u0294i\u1e6fmid<\/em> (\u0625\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0645\u0650\u062f), coming from its Egyptian name sdm<\/em>. The symbol Sb comes from the classical Latin name of the element, stibium<\/em>, which has probably the same etymology as the word antimony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tellurium was discovered in a mine in Romania during the 18th century. Recognized as an unknown metal by Austrian mineralogist Franz-Joseph M\u00fcller von Reichenstein in 1782, it was isolated for the first time by Klaproth in 1798. The name tellurium comes from the Latin tell\u016bs<\/em>, and ultimately the Proto-Indo-European root *telh\u2082-<\/em>, both meaning “ground”. Tell\u016bs<\/em> is also a name for Earth in Latin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n1 – Hydrogen (H)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
2 – Helium (He)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
3 – Lithium (Li)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
4 – Beryllium (Be)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
5 – Boron (B)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
6 – Carbon (C)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
7 – Nitrogen (N)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
8 – Oxygen (O)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
9 – Fluorine (F)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
10 – Neon (Ne)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
11 – Sodium (Na)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
12 – Magnesium (Mg)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
13 – Aluminium (Al)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
14 – Silicon (Si)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
15 – Phosphorus (P)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
16 – Sulfur (S)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
17 – Chlorine (Cl)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
18 – Argon (Ar)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
19 – Potassium (K)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
20 – Calcium (Ca)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
21 – Scandium (Sc)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
22 – Titanium (Ti)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23 – Vanadium (V)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
24 – Chromium (Cr)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
25 – Manganese (Mn)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
26 – Iron (Fe)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
27 – Cobalt (Co)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
28 – Nickel (Ni)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
29 – Copper (Cu)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
30 – Zinc (Zn)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
31 – Gallium (Ga)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
32 – Germanium (Ge)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
33 – Arsenic (As)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
34 – Selenium (Se)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
35 – Bromine (Br)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
36 – Krypton (Kr)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
37 – Rubidium (Rb)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
38 – Strontium (Sr)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
39 – Yttrium (Y)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
40 – Zirconium (Zr)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
41 – Niobium (Nb)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
42 – Molybdenum (Mo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
43 – Technetium (Tc)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
44 – Ruthenium (Ru)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
45 – Rhodium (Rh)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
46 – Palladium (Pd)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
47 – Silver (Ag)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
48 – Cadmium (Cd)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
49 – Indium (In)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
50 – Tin (Sn)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
51 – Antimony (Sb)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
52 – Tellurium (Te)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
53 – Iodine (I)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
![Sandbh, Wikimedia Commons<\/a>,](\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colour_18-col_PT_with_labels.png\"){kind=link}